不能喝海水的理由2007.3.5
無論多渴，在海上漂流的遇難者都不能喝海水。
佛羅里達大學的Harvey Lillywhite和其研究小組發現海蛇也是如此。
三種在台灣常見的海蛇需要淡水才能存活，這也解釋了海蛇在海岸線的分布情形。
海洋生物因為進食或飲用海水攝取過多的鹽分，因此牠們會利用不同方式排出鹽類。海洋哺乳類並不飲用海水，牠們會運用脂肪分解來獲得水分。海洋哺乳類的腎臟濃縮能力很好，尿液中的濃度往往大於海水，可順利排出因進食而攝取過多的鹽分。但鳥類和爬蟲類則否，當牠們飲用海水時，通常利用鹽腺排鹽來保持體液的滲透壓。而海蛇就是利用舌下的鹽腺、延長的肺、側扁尾巴、上移的鼻孔和胎生的方式來適應海洋生活。
Lillywhite和台灣師範大學杜銘章教授合作，觀察在蘭嶼的三種卵生海蛇，闊帶青斑、黑唇青斑和黃唇青斑的生活方式。結果發現處於脫水狀況下的海蛇，就算再餓再渴也不會喝原來海水鹽度一半以上的海水，而且體重減輕。但若將這些飢渴的海蛇置於淡水中一小時，牠們會吞下淡水解渴。台灣蘭嶼的這三種海蛇多分布在附近有淡水或湧泉的潮間帶，年雨量高的氣候，也會使風平浪靜的海面上有一層淡水層，如此提供了這些海蛇生活所需的淡水。
一般大眾認為，海蛇有劇毒，看到就想逃。其實在台灣蘭嶼一帶的海蛇相當溫和，以常見的闊帶青斑來說，出毒量多半很低，沒有主動攻擊的行為。東海岸美麗的礁岩和海蛇其實很有發展觀光的潛力，如何兼顧保育及經濟的發展，是值得我們努力的方向。 本文章感謝台灣師範大學杜銘章教授提供協助。
源自：科景
標籤：
動物行為研究室
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